Essay on Breast-Feeding vs Formula - 876 Words

In todays society there are so many books and online sources that can be found on the â€Å"how-to† of raising a child. The question is though, which one of the sources should be trusted enough to follow through and to implement techniques on children. For one of the most important decisions that a mother and family can make is the option of breast milk or formula. In a growing society where mothers are given dirty looks for nursing in public, or media outlets rage in disapproval to mothers that share nursing stories, it almost seems crazy not to pick up a bottle and feed a child. Our society has made formula feeding a â€Å"norm† and had turned its back to mothers that ponder the choice of breast-feeding. This is a complete shame;†¦show more content†¦It should be a requirement of all applicants to participate in an educational class on breast-feeding before they are given coupons for formula. In our society the education of breast-feeding has vanished. With out the education, mother’s attention can be drawn to advertisements of formula and simplicity of bottle. With the government giving coupons for formula, it seems that formula feeding the only option a family has. Instead the government should be explaining options to families. With a recommend education of nutrition of children it would give mothers a chance to understand the benefits of breast milk for a child and for the mother. It would also help raise awareness in our society that breast-feeding is not an action that should be critiqued or judge upon. A required class to all expecting mothers will allow mothers and family members to make an educated decision about how their child will be feed. Classes’ will allows families to ask questions in a safe environment, and give them a network of professionals and other mothers. Process of nursing, storage of breast milk and he preparation of pumped milk are all topic that could be addressed in a classroom se tting. Although, the health benefits for the mother and nursing child should be the main focus of a class. Classes provided by the government as a requirement prior to receiving food stamps, can seem pushy from the government. It is completely reasonable for a family that is required to takeShow MoreRelatedBreast Feeding Vs. Formula Feeding1111 Words   |  5 PagesSoto 1 Melissa Soto Human Development Professor Daniel Marron 13 February 2015 Breast feeding vs. formula feeding One of the most imperative decision as an expectant mother is deciding whether to formula feed or breastfeed their newborn. Organizations including World Health Organization (WHO), American Medical Association (AMA), and American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advocate breastfeeding as the advantageous option for newborns. Most of these organizations and other supporters of breastfeedingRead MoreBreast Feding vs. Formula Feeding862 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Feeding vs. Formula Feeding There are advantages and disadvantages to both breastfeeding and formula feeding. Some things to consider when deciding which to choose are: cost, convenience, nutrition, and the health benefits to both the baby and to the mother. In terms of cost, an advantage to breastfeeding is that breast milk is free. Its estimated that breastfeeding can save you thousands of dollars a year, depending on the brand of formula that would have been used instead. AccordingRead More Breast Feeding vs Formula Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pages Breast-feeding is nutritionally, emotionally and physically superior for a mother and her child. â€Å"Human breast milk is not standard nor is it interchangeable with cow’s milk. It is a dynamic fluid that changes in composition to meet the needs of the baby as it grows† (â€Å"Giving your Baby... Diet.† par. #10). Breast milk contains growth factors and antibodies which stimulate the growing baby and protect it from illness such as diarrhea, ear infections, rashes, allergies, asthma, skin problems, pneumoniaRead MoreStudy Analysis : Breast Feeding Vs. Formula Feeding And Overweight Infants1183 Words   |  5 PagesStudy Analysis: Breast Feeding vs. Formula Feeding and Overweight Infants Abbey Gunderson Florida Gulf Coast University Abstract The study Exclusively Breastfed Overweight Infants are at the Same Risk of Childhood Overweight as Formula Fed Overweight Infants, investigates whether exclusively breastfed overweight infants have the same risks of becoming overweight in childhood as overweight infants who are formula fed. This study found that exclusively breastfed infants who are overweight encounterRead MoreDoe Assignment11278 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Breast Feeding Vs Bottle Feeding Controversy Jane Doe CHFD 308 American Public University Dr. John DoeBreast Feeding Vs Bottle Feeding Controversy This essay is about the breast feeding vs bottle feeding controversy. Are you depriving your infant of nutrients they need if you chose to bottle feed? Will your child be unhealthy if you chose not to breast feed? Some women feel like breast feeding is always better, some women feel like bottle feeding is just the same. Breast feeding is usuallyRead MoreThe Health Benefits Of Breast Feeding1451 Words   |  6 Pagesonly two choices, breastfeeding or bottle/formula feeding. Breast feeding is simply the baby sucking milk from the mother’s breasts, while formula feeding is manufactured food fed to the baby with a bottle. There are arguments for and against one or the other, but which is actually better? Below we will examine the pros and cons of both methods, in an effort to understand if one is truly better than the other. First we will look at the pros of Breast-feeding. According to the Office on Women’s HealthRead MoreThe Breast Vs. Bottle Debate1718 Words   |  7 Pages The Breast vs. Bottle Debate Deciding whether to formula feed or breastfeed ones baby is one of the biggest and most crucial decisions expectant and new parents will make before giving birth. Organizations such as World Health Organizations (WHO), American Medical Association (AMA), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and American Dietetic Association recommend breastfeeding as the best option for the newborn. Most of these organizations and other supporters of breastfeeding affirm that it defendsRead MoreBreast Feeding Vs. The Bottle1326 Words   |  6 PagesBreast-feeding vs. The Bottle: The Decision is yours â€Å"Some mothers have to give up breastfeeding even though they want to breastfeed. To give up breastfeeding can be a sensitive issue in a time when breastfeeding is promoted as the healthiest for mother and child† (Larsen Kronborg, 2013, p. 848). The debate over whether breast-feeding is better than bottle-feeding or vice versa has been a debate for many years. With more and more research that is continuously being developed, the option to breast-feedRead MoreBreastfeeding VS Formula Bottle-feeding Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesBreastfeeding vs. Formula Bottle-feeding Every mother of a newborn baby must make a very personal decision when it comes to how they are going to feed their infant. I was faced with that decision 3 years ago when I had my first son who I named Ethen. It was one of the very hardest decisions I had to make. I had to consider all the good benefits of breast feeding as well as the benefits of formula bottle-feeding, but the good benefits of breastfeeding outnumbered the bottle feeding ones. I finallyRead MoreBreast Feeding vs Bottle Feeding2073 Words   |  9 PagesBreastfeeding versus Formula Feeding Your family is expecting a newborn baby within the next couple of months. This event in someone’s life will change their lives forever and can be a very exciting and exhausting change. Although you may be excited and impatient for the baby’s arrival, this event can cause a lot of stress on the family. While your lives are completely changing; there are things you need to do to prepare yourself and there are many important decisions that need to be made. Decisions

The Value Of Asset Valuation Essay - 2029 Words

An asset can be described as any unit that has value in terms of money, or has a potential creating monetary value in the future. (Phatak 2016) What a business is worth is usually determined by the net value of its assets. Asset valuation is critical when making investment decisions. Valuation, simply put, is the process analysts’ use to ascertaining whether an investment decision is worth it or not. Investments are usually made with an expectation that the value of the asset will grow enough to pay back not only the sum of the money invested but also to give a profitable return, even after considering the risks involved. This is expected of all investments including bonds, shares, derivatives etc. (Koller, Goedhart, Wessels 2010 p. 1). To be able to determine the investment potential of business, asset valuation must be considered. Through asset valuation one can analyze the future potential in terms of returns if investment is done on the asset. 1. The importance of asset valuation Asset valuation is significant in ensuring that the right price of an asset is paid when investing. In making an investment decision, it is important to know the exact amount that will be paid for an asset. If valuation is done correctly, an investor can be able to budget and plan for their investment and taking into consideration market factors, approximate how much returns they will make from their investment. If valuation is done poorly, an investor may overpay for an Asset resulting inShow MoreRelatedAccounting And Financial Methods And Tools1745 Words   |  7 PagesFirm valuation relates to accounting in that it uses a combination of both accounting and financial methods and tools. Some of the accounting tools used includes the valuation of firms’ assets, valuation of a firm’s profit and loss and also the valuation of a firm’s obligations, which are liabilities. Just like accounting, firm valuation process follows defined steps so as to arrive at the corre ct value of the firm that is free from errors. â€Å"There are five steps involved; preparation and planningRead MoreThe principle of historical cost is still used in accounting when there is a large measure of agreement that it is inappropriate. Discuss.1226 Words   |  5 PagesHistorical Cost Accounting is a traditional valuation method as it reflects only on the past cost of the asset, however in the contemporary business environment companies must remain flexible and transparent. This belief has lead to the creation of several other valuation methods, due to word constraints I have focused primarily on Fair Value Accounting as an alternative to Historical Cost Accounting. Although Fair value accounting is a theoretically superior valuation methodology, there are several severeRead MoreWhy Is Asset Valuation Important? An Investment Decision? Describe And Compare Major Techniques For Valuing Bonds And1665 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is asset valuation important in an investment decision? Describe and compare major techniques for valuing bonds and shares. Asset valuation is an integral part of finance management where the valuation process will support the decision making process regarding merger and acquisition related decisions, capital budgeting process and investment analysis. Asset valuation is the process to determine the correct worth of any asset where the risk and return are the important factor to assess the worthRead MoreStanford Health Care Consolidated Financial Statements1593 Words   |  7 Pagesthe total current assets, total assets, total current liabilities, total liabilities, total net assets, and total net assets and liabilities, 2014 data remains high throughout as 2013 is lower in data. First of all, in the 2013 and 2014 financial statements pertaining to balance statement shows the financial standing of an organization at a certain point in time. The financial statements in 2013 and 2014 follow the accounting equation widely known as (Assets= Liabilities + Net Assets). Overall, theRead MoreCapital Valuation: Ta rget1488 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Valuation Paper YOUR NAME COURSE Instructor NAME DATE Capital Valuation Paper A business valuation of a company, especially one the size of Target, is a mystery but is often an integral part of planning, decision-making, strategic assessment, and maybe an equitable resolution to a touchy concern.  Knowing what a business is worth and placing a value on it builds confidence so undervalue or overvalue of the business does not happen. Team C will perform a capitalRead MoreKPMG Deferred Tax Issues1194 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿KPMG Deferred Tax Issues: Valuation Allowance Issue 1: Conclude on the appropriateness of the engagement team’s decision for valuation allowance. 1. Clarify Issues Objectives ASC 740-10-05-5 defines a deferred tax asset as: A deferred tax asset is measured using the applicable enacted tax rate and provisions of the enacted tax law. A deferred tax asset is reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or allRead MoreFood for Thought1339 Words   |  6 Pagesbuildings should be recorded using the â€Å"in-use† valuation premise and intangible assets should be recorded at fair value. The following pronouncements have been used in making our decision: ASC 718, ASC 805-10-25-23, ASC 805-20-25-4, ASC 805-20-30-6, ASC 805-30-25, ASC 805-30-30-7, ASC 805-30-30-9, ASC 805-30-30-11, ASC 820-10-35-10, ASC-820-10-35-11. Consideration Transferred ASC 805-30-30-7 requires that an acquirer measure and recognize the fair value of the consideration transferred in a businessRead MoreCase Mw Petroleum1167 Words   |  5 PagesAPV and option valuation Valuing MW Acquisition by using APV method assumes in practice that exploiting of all MW’s reserves is certain and happens right after the acquisition. In other words, the APV method excludes the flexibility in future decision making. In this case, Apache has both an option to defer the exploiting of reserves into future and Apache may also choose not to exploit the MW reserves at all. As some of MW’s reserves are actually real options, the APV valuation method actuallyRead MoreAdjusting Lower Cost Of Market Inventory On Valuation1466 Words   |  6 PagesAdjusting lower cost of market inventory on valuation Inventory valuation is a financial method which assist the companies in providing monetary value to the products which make up the inventory of the company. The most important asset of the companies are their inventories. The measurement of the value of the inventory is essential to make correct financial statements. In case the measurement of the inventory is not proper, the revenues will not match properly with expenses, this will affect theRead MoreCapital Valuation Paper1634 Words   |  7 Pagesdebt, if any, and equity, using various capital valuation models. Complete the following in your paper: †¢ Show calculations that support your findings, including those involving rates of return. †¢ Defend which valuation model best supports your findings. Capital Valuation Paper Capital Valuation Paper Berkshire Hathaway Inc. is an American multinational

Review of Palliative Care for Children and Young

Question: Describe about the Review of Palliative Care for Children and Young? Answer: Introduction: Palliative care is a current approach. It upgrades the standard of life of the patients and the family members of the patients for severe and critical illness. Palliative Care was formed in the year of 1991 in Australia. Generally, death is viewed in society with stress and pain. Especially palliative care of young adult is significant. The main challenge of nurse is to take care for a dying young adult. Here it can be said that the main objective or aim of the palliative care is to help the patients in a critical condition or severe illness. Here Hope can be referred as the feeling of desire and expectation for a certain thing to happen. Hope plays a significant role for the recovery of the families of the dying patient. Sometimes hope may change the illness of the patient. The hope of a family of palliative care patient should not be discouraged by nurses. There is a need for honest and open communication. It is important to discuss with the patient and the family of patient about the diagnosis. They should face the real situation ('A Review of Palliative Care for Children and Young Adults in the Thames Valley', 2015). The age group of young adult is 15- 29 years. Palliative care is for young adult is closely related to the adults. It is very important to give assistance to the family of a young adult. Pain, stress and symptoms are focused for a young adult palliative care. The quality of life needs to be evaluated for both the family and the young adult. A team of doctor provides the palliative care. The complex in illness is more in young adults than the mature person. The same illness may act differently because of the difference in physiology and anatomy and they also act differently. There are many challenges for young adult palliative care. It is very important to provide the required care and support to the patients by the family members in terms of palliative care ('Giving hope to families in palliative care and implications for practice', 2015). The family of a young adult palliative care patient plays a vital and main role for improvement of the condition of patient. The experts advice sh ould be followed by the family members. The family should also have the knowledge about the illness and their symptoms. The family of a palliative care patient should be able to manage the immediate condition if any abnormality is observed in the patient. It is clear that the patients have not much time to live but it is not informed to the patient (MaineGeneral Health, 2015). The relief from pain is provided by the palliative care. The spiritual and psychological aspects of patient care are integrated by the palliative care. A support system is given by the palliative care which offers a patient live as actively as possible. The palliative care has a positive influence in the course of illness. The palliative care should improve the quality of life of the patients (Robin B Rome, 2011). A team approach is used for the ill patient and their family. HIV/ AIDS patients are suffering from extreme pain. They need to give extra care because of variety of symptoms like cough, pain, weakness, fever, diarrhea, shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea and confusion. Palliative care can improve the activity of daily life of patients and the family of patients. Health workers are responsible for the palliative care. Proper training is given to the family member of patients. In palliative care it is necessary to train family members when the patients stay at home. Proper p sychological and physical supports are given to the palliative care patients. The patient should feel comfortable with their friends, family member and communities. It is the responsibility to the health workers to give support to the family of a patient even after the death of the patient. Sometimes counseling of family is needed for a better life of them (Who.int, 2015). Communication is very important in career of nursing. Nurse can transfer the information by communicating with the people. Nursing is the profession where the communication is more important because they are needed to communicate with the patient, the family of patient, the co-workers of nurses, supervisors, and many others. Nurse patient interaction plays an important role for a palliative care patient. The main factor that may influence in the career of the nurse is the skill and potential of communication with the patients. There are three major components for the successful communications. Those are receiver, sender and a message. The capacity for passing the message in a short period of time is very essential for a nurse. There are some factors to do this successfully. The communication skill of the nurse should high-quality because the families of patients are depended on them. Failure in communication can start negative outcomes. The effective nursing care is the major role fo r the nurse because a patient and the family of the patient both are totally dependent on the care of nurse. The trust should provide to the palliative care patient and their family with a good communication. The promises are given to the patient and their family by the nurses should follow ('THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN PALLIATIVE CARE', 2015). The proper conversation is needed during the delivery of a report to the family of patient and any kind of unnecessary conversation is strongly illegal. The palliative care patient and family of patient should not be ignored. For this reason the timing and the process of communication between the nurse and the palliative care patient is very crucial. There are few factors which are influencing the faith of the family of the palliative care patient. Those are the eye contact of the nurse, body language of the nurse and tone of voice of the nurse. The family of patient does not remember the name of the nurse but they remember the activity of the n urse during the crucial time of the patient. So nurse should be able to handle the difficult situations of the patient with a quality communication with the family of the palliative care patients. Different type of patients has different type of language, culture, rules and norms (Ucsf.edu, 2015). The nurse should be able to communicate with different type of patients. One of the most important skills in nurse is listening. Active listening is one of the communication skills which are used in palliative care. Active listening needs thelistenerto comment what they hear to the speaker. Because of the health issues active listening plays major role in nursing profession. Attending skill is an essential part of communication which means the nurse gives her full attention in the palliative care patient. There are some features of attending skills. The nurse should have open posture and availability to the palliative care patient. The nurse should involve with the palliative care patient . Eye contact between nurse and patient is important. Always the nurse should try to be relaxed with their patient (Wilkes L, 2015). The key ingredients to therapeutic communication in nursing are sharing hope, active listening, sharing observations, sharing empathy, focusing, clarifying, silence, providing information, sharing feeling, sharing humor, confrontation, self- disclosure, summarizing, paraphrasing and asking relevant questions. Positive body language of nurse is very important for the palliative care patients because the patient and family of a patient both are dependent on the successful communication between them. Sometimes silence of a nurse is more important for a patient and their family ('Standards for Providing Quality Palliative Care for all Australians', 2015). The patient party only wants the presence of nurse. There is no need to talk all-time. Specifically in case of critical patient silence is more essential. At that time presence is more important to the pa tient and their family ('Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice Palliative Care', 2015). Conclusion: Palliative care is a proposal that enhances the standard of life of patients and the family of patients. The proposals of palliative care are prevention and reduction of life- threatening illness. Palliative Care Australia is a top national institution which is symbolizing the hope and charm of all who share the model of standard care at the end of life for all (Clark Fasciano, 2013). Palliative Care Australia was formed to promote, encourage and influence the delivery of standard care at the end of life for all. Palliative care is a strategy where it is known to all that the illness of the patient cannot be cured. Palliative care makes sure that the care and comfort are provided to the family of a palliative care patient (Howk Wasilewski-Masker, 2011). The vision of the palliative care is the standard care at the end of life for all. Palliative care can improve the quality of life for the patient and the family of a patient. The palliative care gives support to the dying patients and their family for their recovery. References: A Review of Palliative Care for Children and Young Adults in the Thames Valley. (2015). Retrieved 17 March 2015, from https://file:///C:/Users/computer/Downloads/review_of_palliative_care_2011___helen___douglas_house.pdf Clark, J., Fasciano, K. (2013). Young Adult Palliative Care: Challenges and Opportunities.American Journal Of Hospice And Palliative Medicine,32(1), 101-111. doi:10.1177/1049909113510394 Giving hope to families in palliative care and implications for practice. (2015). Retrieved 17 March 2015, from https://file:///C:/Users/computer/Downloads/225860_2098634613_Article-SDLA2-Communicationand%20(2).pdf Howk, T., Wasilewski-Masker, K. (2011). Palliative Care for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Pediatric Perspective.Journal Of Adolescent And Young Adult Oncology,1(1), 11-12. doi:10.1089/jayao.2011.1503 MaineGeneral Health,. (2015).Importance of Palliative Care - - MaineGeneral Health, Augusta, ME. Retrieved 17 March 2015, from https://www.mainegeneral.org/Pages/Care-and-Services-A-Z/Palliative-Care-and-Pain-Management/Importance-of-Palliative-Care.aspx Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice Palliative Care. (2015). Retrieved 17 March 2015, from https://www.sah.org.au/assets/files/PDFs/Nurse%20Practioners/EDWARDS%20Nurse%20Practitioner%20Scope%20of%20Practice%20%20v12%281%29.pdf Robin B Rome, C. (2011). The Role of Palliative Care at the End of Life.The Ochsner Journal,11(4), 348. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241069/ Standards for Providing Quality Palliative Care for all Australians. (2015). Retrieved 17 March 2015, from https://www.palliativecare.org.au/Portals/46/Standards%20for%20providing%20quality%20palliative%20care%20for%20all%20Australians.pdf THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN PALLIATIVE CARE. (2015). Retrieved 17 March 2015, from https://www.rcna.org.au/WCM/Images/RCNA_website/Files%20for%20upload%20and%20link/policy/documentation/review/role_of_the_nurse_in_palliative_care.pdf Ucsf.edu,. (2015).As Palliative Cares Importance Grows, UCSF Nursing Expands Training | UC San Francisco. Retrieved 17 March 2015, from https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/12/121586/palliative-care%E2%80%99s-importance-grows-ucsf-nursing-expands-training Who.int,. (2015).Palliative Care. Retrieved 17 March 2015, from https://www.who.int/hiv/topics/palliative/PalliativeCare/en/ Wilkes L, e. (2015).The future of palliative care nursing research in Australia. - PubMed - NCBI.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 17 March 2015, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10839039

Study Acculturation Essay Example

Study: Acculturation Essay In present age of globalization, staffs are often sended abroad and a growing number of people choose to live and work oversea. However, living in a strange cultural environment brings not only some novelty, but also some pressure. This is because different culture means a certain distinction of lifestyle and thinking pattern, which may bring difficulty and pressure to people. In order to explore the process of culture shock, Tange carried out some research and issued an article In a cultural No Man`s Land or, how long does culture shock last? in 2005. However, I could not totally agree with the view of the article. The purpose of this paper is to give my view of acculturation that partly agree and disagree with Tange. The essay is divided into two sections. The first section describes my agreement while the second section illustrates my disagreement with Tange. Immigrants adapt to environment more actively than sojourners When introducing the type of people interviewed, Tange said that immigrants often try harder to adapt to society and be more active than sojourners. I agree with this issue. The social adaptation of immigrants or sojourners immigrating to a new city depends on many factors. These factors could be demonstrated as follow: With regards to motivation of immigration,the intention of immigrants moving into cities is more specific than sojourners’. Hence, it is easier for immigrants to adapt to new environment. On the other hand, most sojourners do not integrate into the society actively because of the thought of temporary residence. As Immigrants have a clear goal of staying in the cities, they initiatively establish their social network and get a higher level of social adaptation. In terms of residence time, the longer residence period contributes to adapting to the culture, and vice versa. Since immigrants live in the cities long-term, they have enough time to understand and adapt to the lifestyle of local area. In addition, an increased association with the residents could also help the immigrants to integrate into the society. Acculturation is a long-term process We will write a custom essay sample on Study: Acculturation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Study: Acculturation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Study: Acculturation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tange hold the opinion that acculturation is a long-term process, which also obtain my support. Adapting to a new culture, from understanding the culture to finally adapting to it, is a long-term process. To achieve the goal of acculturation and overcome culture shock, some difficult processes should be experienced. For example, the target language culture would gradually replace the language, lifestyle and thoughts of native culture. In these processes, Sojourners gradually have new understanding of the surrounding and the residents by contacting with people in the host country. Then, Individuals started to recognize the difference between the two cultures in terms of thinking pattern and change their expectation to adapt to the new environment. Over a period of time, sojourners’ interpersonal relationship gets continuous improvement and social networking is more completed. In other words, experiencing some difficulties, individuals begin to adapt to the new cultural environment and try to understand and trust the host culture as an insider. This is a complicated process that requires some long-term work. The impact of time on the psychological adjustment The first person who implemented research about time factors was Lysgard. In 1955, he interviewed more than 200 Norwegian Fulbright students in the USA and concluded that intercultural communication is a U-shaped curve. However, Tange (2005) objected to the U-curve mode. She interviewed seven immigrants from Scotland but living in Copenhagen. She found that the level of psychological adjustment of sojourner is the worst in the second year of an intercultural encounter. This theory is reasonable, because in a certain sense, acculturation can reconstruct a new stable system in daily life by destroying the previous system established by their original culture. However, this theory is not always true because not everyone can enjoy a sense of excitement when entering to a new cultural environment. Some people could not experience all stages and others may undergo these stages repeatedly. We should realize that the acculturation process could be affected by various factors including difference between the host and maternal culture and other factors. Thus, the acculturation process varies from person to person and theory of the two-year crisis ignored the difference between individuals. Internal factors that affects acculturation According to Tange’s article, the type of the people interviewed and the familiarity of the new environment could affect the intercultural. However, as can be known, adapting to a different culture is a complicated process. Therefore, many other factors which can also decide the stages of acculturation should be taken into account. The factors of personality and demography will be described as follow. ? Personality The factors of personality which can predict the process of acculturation are self-monitoring and extraversion. Self-monitoring a concept to describe whether a person trust their ability or the external factors when facing problems. If a man believes in external factors such as luck, he is a person of external control. Kuo, Gray and Lin (1976) found that self-monitoring is an effective method to predict the length of adaptation of Chinese immigrants in the USA. Extraversion is another personality factors that researchers concern about. Ward and Chang (1997) proposed hypothesis of cultural fitting to integrate these studies. They believe that the people are associated with environment. Therefore, the more extraversion a person has, the less difficulties the person will experience with regards to acculturation. 2? Demographic factors Demographic factors could also affect the process of acculturation. Demographic factors include gender, age, and education. In terms of gender factor, in general, researchers believe that female migrants can adapt to the new environment more easily. In fact, men and women all have this problem, but their adaptability express in different aspects. Sam (1998) studied young immigrants living in Norway. He found that when these young people had problems of acculturation, girls experience more depressive symptoms while boys were reported to have more antisocial behavior. Factors like age and education could also impact the process of acculturation Discussion I tend to agree with some of Tange’s opinion. The viewpoints that immigrants more actively adapt to environment than sojourner and acculturation is a long-term process gain my agreement. Despite some reliable viewpoints, Tange’s view of the impact of time on the psychological adjustment could not convince me. In addition, Tange ignored some factors affecting stages of acculturation. Conclusion Using objective methods, Tange created an outstanding study of acculturation. The view expressed and the conclusions are consistent with reality. I partly agree with the Tange’s opinion, especially the viewpoints that immigrants adapt to new environment more actively than sojourner and acculturation is a long process. However, in my opinion, as the complicated process of culture shock could not be considered fully, Tange’s theory of two-year crisis is still controversial. In addition,many internal factors about acculturation were not considered, which also limits the reliability of the conclusions. On the whole, I tend to trust tanges` view, although some of the views are controversial. 1164 words Reference Lysgaard, Sverre (1955). Adjustment in a foreign society: Norwegian Fulbright Grantees Visiting The United States in International Social Science Bulletin 7: 45-51. Tange, H(2005),‘In a cultural No Man`s Land-or, how long does culture shock last? , Journal of Intercultural Communication, issue 10 Kuo, W, Gray, RLin, N(1976),Locus of control and symptoms of distress among Chinese- Americans. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, pp: 176~187 Ward C, Chang W C. (1997), Cultural fit: A new perspective on personality and sojourner adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, pp: 525~533 Sam, D. L. (1998), Predicting life satisfaction among adolescents from

Bases of Power essays

Bases of Power essays Power is the ability of one person, group or nation to control another person, group or nation. It is the ability to tell them what to do and what not to do. Power may involve force, persuasion or rewards. Power also always involves a relationship. According to one of the founders of political science, Max Weber, power is the capabilities to have ones way in a relationship, even against the will of others. However, no person in a relationship always has all the power, and no person in a relationship always has no power. Power itself does not come in a lump; it is not one single thing. Instead, power is made up of 8.5 things, and these 8.5 things are what we call the bases of power. Below is a list of the 8.5 bases of power: 3) authority 4) knowledge/technology/information 7) size/solidarity 8) violence According to Karl Marx, another founder of political science, money is the only base of power. He said that with money, you could buy everything else. However, it has come to be accepted that money can buy everything except charisma and solidarity. For that reason, I have chosen charisma, solidarity and money as the three bases of power that I would most like to have. First on my list of bases of power is charisma. Charisma is defined as being the natural ability to influence anothers behavior. It is generally accepted that a person cannot train or learn to be charismatic, he is either born with it or without it. A charismatic person can get someone to like him and support him regardless of whether they agree with his actions or not. An example of this would be former President Bill Clinton. Despite knowing that he had cheated on his wife with Gennifer Flowers, the public nevertheless was swept off their feet by his charm and voted him into the presidency. And when he ...

Editing Essay Learning Service Writing

Editing Essay Learning Service Writing Editing Essay Learning Service Writing Editing Essay Learning Service Writing Is but Natural to Be Used A lot of interesting essays are spoiled because of the fact that they are full of grammar mistakes and all the other kinds of slips of the tongue. Even if the content of the essay is brilliant and captivating one, such notion as mistakes can greatly spoil the full impression from this very essay and badly influence upon the grade. If you do not want to endanger the grade for your own essay writing and if you do not want to spoil your labour, we recommend you to give your essay to the professionals in order they proffered and edit it in a proper way. Remember, essay, which contains grammar mistakes is low-quality essay that will never be able to claim for some high grade. Get A Work Free of Mistakes! Editing essay learning service writing is what you need in order to get a work free of mistakes. We offer this kind of service to all of our clients and it should be stressed that editing essay learning service writing is considered to be the most popular service our customers make use of. This fact is simple to be explained. Those students who prefer writing their essays on their own and do not want to buy ready-made essays still appeal to our servicing as they understand how it is important to present their essay free of mistakes. Of course, those students who write the essays without custom writing help want to get the highest grade for their writing in order to encourage their labour that is why they ask our professional editors to conduct editing essay learning service writing for them: Our Team of Editors and Writers is Professional! One of the greatest advantages our site offers to the customers is that we have a team of professional editors as well as a team of professional writers; that means that several people work on your order what gives an opportunity to deliver the best quality essay. This advantage gives an opportunity to our customers to be certain in the level of professionalism of our employees. Editing essay learning service writing, which you can find at our custom writing site is of premium quality thanks to this fact. Editing of grammar mistakes is not the only one servicing we offer to our customers in the measures of editing essay learning service writing. Our editors correct the structure of your essay, make it be logically connected and cohesive, rewrite the parts they consider to be poorly written. Where else you can find such top servicing for such a moderate price? Try our editing essay learning service writing and you are certain to be awarded A+ grade for your essay writing. Read also: Example Essay AP Biology Essays Analysis Case Studies Term Paper Editing Research Paper Editing

Sphingomyelinase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sphingomyelinase - Essay Example These enzymes have been categorized into six different classes namely Mg+ dependant neutral SMase, Mg+ independent neutral SMase, acid SMase, secretory SMase, and alkaline SMase and bacterial SMase (Goni and Alonso 38). This paper mainly discusses the mode of action and medical importance of neutral SMase. Two neutral SMase have been determined in mammals. Mg+ dependant nSMase 1 is concentrated in kidneys while Mg+ independent nSMase 2 is mostly present in golgi bodies of brain (Mizutani et al. 3727). In mammals, nSMase acts as an integral membrane protein whereas in bacteria they are soluble proteins. They play an important role in the human body by catalyzing the production of ceramide and regulate a number of metabolic events such as cellular differentiation, arrest of cell cycle and apoptosis (Mizutani et al. 3727; Gallardo et al. 1305). The mechanism of nSMase has mostly been studied on the enzyme obtained from Bacillus Cereus. Their working has been described as a divalent meta l-ion dependant manner (Ago et al. 16157). The enzyme obtained from the bacteria is quite similar to the mammalian nSMase in its action and function. The active site of nSMase is comprised of a glutamic acid (Glu) residue and histidine (His) residue, both of which are bound to either one or two metal cations, usually Co+ or Mg+. These cations support the action of SMase by recruiting sphingomyelin towards the active site. The cation at the Glu residue acts on the region between C1 and the phosphate group of sphingomyelin by interacting with amido-oxygen and ester-oxygen. On the other hand the cation at the His residue combines with the oxygen atom of the phosphate group of sphingomyelin resulting in a stabilized phosphate group. Furthermore this interaction activates a water molecule by lowering the value of acid dissociation constant of one of the bridged water molecules. This activation allows water molecule to attack the phosphate group of sphingomyelin as a nucleophile. Later th e reformation of phosphate group in its tetrahedral shape results in the formation of the two products; ceramide and phosphorylcholine. One of the commonest of disease associated with sphingomyelinases is Niemann-Pick disease. An autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, it is caused due to mutation in either SMPD1 gene or NPC1 gene and is classified into three types; A, B and C. Symptoms are characterized according to the organ of accumulation. This disorder occurs when there is deficiency of sphingomyelinases leading to a stop in the degradation pathway of lipids and resulting in accumulation of sphingomyelin within the lysosomes of affected cell causing them to become enlarged. This along with many small vacuoles renders a foamy appearance to the affected cell. Pharmacologically, there are no reported drugs which are synergistic in action to sphingomyelinases, although a number of researches have now appeared which discuss the inhibitors of sphingomyelinases (Canals, Perry, Jenkins and Hannun 694). Scyphostatin, which is attained from the mycelia extracts of Trichopezia mollissima has emerged as a neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor (Czarny and Schnitzer 1344). As ceramide is understood to be a second messenger molecule working like inflammatory mediators (TNF?, IL-1, IL-6 and LPS) it is believed that scyphostatin

Strategies for Success in the Online Learning Environment Essay

Strategies for Success in the Online Learning Environment - Essay Example â€Å"In online learning environment, most communications will be done in written format† (Harvard, 2010). Therefore, every student studying in online environment should be able to communicate with teachers through writing. Another way for students to achieve success in online learning environments is to get perfection in web navigation. As most of the communication between teachers and students is done through internet, so students should be proficient in using different internet applications. Perfection in web navigation is essential in order to participate in online discussions and online quizzes and assignments. Time management is also necessary for online learning students. Students studying in online environments need to schedule their time properly in order to avoid mismanagement. Time management plays an important role in the success of students because they have to submit quizzes and assignments within deadline considering all technological issues, such as, network failure or site overload. Before going into the discussion regarding online learning, let us get a better understanding of what online learning environment actually is. Online learning refers to the environment where students and teachers communicate with each other using communication technologies, such as, video tapes, television, and internet. â€Å"Distance learning is a course or program completed remotely from the school or university which offers the educational opportunity† (Rogers, n.d.). Online learning is getting more and more fame these days because it is proving to be very beneficial for students. It not only helps students manage their studies in accordance with other commitments of life but also provides a good way to the students to learn independently. To be successful in an online learning environment, a student needs to have some key skills and abilities. There exist a number of strategies for students to prosper in online learning environments. Some of the main

The Battle of Mogadishu Essay Example for Free

The Battle of Mogadishu Essay The Battle of Mogadishu took place in the narrow streets of Mogadishu, Somalia October 3-4 1993 over 17 hours. 160 United Nations combatants under the command of US General William Garrison fought an estimated 2000 supporters of the warlord, General Mohammed Farah Aidid, head of the Somali National Alliance. The Battle generated considerable public interest and debate, impacting US foreign policy and future UN missions. Among many books on the incident are those by Mike Durant, a combatant and Mark Bowden, who conducted extensive interviews. Parker’s Military History online contains useful data. The background was the outbreak of civil war after dictator Mohammed Siad Barre had been ousted by clan chiefs in January 1991, who set their differences aside long enough to topple him. Their unity did not survive and civil war began. Two parties emerged, one under Aidid and one under Ali Mahdi. The civilian population, caught in the middle, experienced severe hardship. More than 300, 000 died from starvation (Durant 2). Thousands crossed into neighboring states as refugees. When the international community responded with food aid, warlords hijacked supplies to use them to purchase arms. The UN launched Operation Provide Relief (United Nations Operation in Somalia – I) in April 1992. This did little to halt the crisis because hardly any food actually fed anyone. The United Nations then requested members to send combat troops to Somalia, to protect the food convoys. President George H. W Bush of the United States agreed to deploy 250,000 US troops. Known as Operation Restore Hope, or UNITAF (United Nations Unified Task Force) the mandate, dated December 3 1992, was restricted to supporting the humanitarian effort. This mandate was extended in March 1993 to include â€Å"nation building†- ending the war, establishing a stable state and a democratically elected government. When Bill Clinton became President, he reduced the level of US involvement to 1200 combat and 3000 support troops. Italy, Pakistan and Malaysia also joined the UN force, now called UNOSOM-II, established in March 1993. UNOSOM-II consisted of 15,000 military and police personnel. Fifteen of the sixteen clans agreed to cooperate with the UN force. Aidid refused. The UN subsequently ordered its forces to disarm Aidid’s militia. On June 5 1993 a contingent of Pakistani soldiers engaged in this task clashed with Aidid’s troops in Mogadishu, suffering 24 casualties (Bowden 427). The UN responded by ordering the apprehension of those responsible for their deaths, so that they could put on trial. US troops received intelligence that Aidid’s foreign affairs advisor and chief political advisor were at the Olympic Hotel in Mogadishu to attend a high level meeting, possibly with Aidid himself. Based on this intelligence, a US led strike code named Operation Gothic Serpent was planned for October 3, 1993. The force consisted of 160 men drawn from Delta Force (US Special Operations Force), Rangers from the 75th Regiment, Navy SEALS and from the Air Force, supported by 19 M H-60 Black Hawk helicopters from the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment. The plan involved personnel fast-roping down from the helicopters, securing the targets so that they could then be retrieved by ground vehicles (12 in number) then transported back to the US headquarters. The Humvees were due to reach the Hotel shortly after the operation began. Under Captain Michael Steele, four Rangers secured the perimeter to prevent anyone entering or leaving the Hotel. Another Ranger blocked the road, while the Delta team entered the Hotel at 15: 32 (Bowden 4). Colonel Danny McKnight commanded the ground convoy, whose SEALS were meant to assist the assault team (Bowden 59). At 15: 42, the first Delta operatives hit the Hotel, capturing both men and 22 other senior Aidid aids. One Ranger, Todd Blackburn lost his grip and fell 70 feet, injuring himself (Bowden 4). By 15: 47 Somalis had crowded the area around the Hotel, impeding the progress of the ground convoy, making it impossible to keep to schedule. At 16: 20, an enemy rocket hit Black Hawk Super 61, which crashed five blocks North of the Hotel. Both the â€Å"ground assault element† and the â€Å"exfil convoy† were â€Å"ordered to re-group† at the crash site (Durant 20). Although the supporting helicopter crews tried to send warnings about roadblocks and detour information to the convoy, the communication system was too slow. The helicopters could not speak directly to the convoy but had to do so via their commanders. By 16: 35, the convoy had lost its way. Search and rescue teams were dispatched to assist the stricken helicopter, which resulted in the US switching â€Å"the point of attack† from the Hotel where the prisoners and their Delta force captors were waiting to be retrieved to â€Å"three hundred yards West† (Stevenson 94). At 16: 40, Black Hawk Super 64 was brought down a mile to the southwest of the Hotel. Again, a rescue team was sent to retrieve the crew. As soon as the aircraft hit the ground, hundreds of armed Somalis, some civilian some members of militia, appeared at the scene. 99 US personnel were surrounded at the first crash site. At 16: 42, two members of Delta force volunteer to lower themselves to the second downed helicopter to help defend the injured crew. At 17: 40 both were killed, together with all members of the helicopter crew except the commanding office, Mike Durant who was dragged away by militia. The ground convoy and a rescue convoy failed to reach their targets, returning to HQ at 17. 45. At 19. 08, Black Hawk 66 dropped supplies and ammunition to the soldiers trapped at the first crash site. A new rescue squad, including Pakistani and Malaysian soldiers, left HQ at 23. 23, reaching the trapped men at 1. 55 October 4. At 5. 30, the troops are able to begin to leave the city on foot heading for the Pakistani compound. By 6. 30, it had been confirmed that 13 US soldiers were dead, 73 injured with six missing. The final toll was 18 dead. Durant was released on October 14. March 24, 1994 all US troops left Somalia, followed by all UN troops the following year. Between 200 and 500 Somalis died. Subsequently, the US and the UN became reluctant to commit forces where little real agreement exists on the ground between rival parties. Washington became reluctant to commit troops to situations that present no direct security threat to the US itself. In addition, strategic lessons have been learned from the battle. These are especially relevant in situations where insurgents blend with local populations. First, intelligence – the US did not know that Aidid possessed rocket propelled grenades. Aidid planned to neutralize US air support, then flooded the battle zone with superior numbers. He was also prepared to use civilians as â€Å"human shields† (Stevenson 94). Claims have been made that Italian soldiers tipped Aidid off about the operation, which would explain why militia with rockets reached the scene so quickly. Also, better knowledge of â€Å"Somali city streets† would have helped the ground forces reach their targets (O’Hanlon 119). The Somalis had the advantage of local knowledge. Second, direct communication from air support to ground may have prevented convoys from getting lost. Thirdly, too few troops were deployed against a much larger foe – albeit crack troops against irregular and poorly trained insurgents. The basic plan, though, was sound, the type of extraction for which the forces involved were well trained. Technically, too, the operation was successful, since 24 insurgents were taken into custody. References Bowden, Mark. Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1999. Durant, Michael J. , and Steven Hartov. In the Company of Heroes. New York: G. P. Putnams Sons, 2003. OHanlon, Michael E. Technological Change and the Future of Warfare. Washington, D. C. : Brookings Institution Press, 2000. Parker, Larry. The Battle of Mogadishu. Military History Online http://www. militaryhistoryonline. com/general/articles/mogadishu. aspx Accessed April 25 2009. Stevenson, Jonathan. Losing Mogadishu: Testing U. S. Policy in Somalia. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 1995.

Dead Poets Society :: essays research papers

The spine twisting movie that should be used as a role model to all parents would be Dead Poet’s Society. This movie gives parents a lesson in adolescent parenting skills. Skills that are usually over looked by every parent. Pushing your child you may have thought was good to a point, pushes some kids to the thought of suicide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This movie is about Welton an all boys college preparatory school for the rich. Mr. Keating who is the new English teacher there, was once a student there also. He enters the class room with a different style of teaching. While other teachers were stiff neck and had a conventional style of teaching, Keating came in with a style that was unorthodox and the other teachers feared this. He came into the class room preaching â€Å"Carpe Diem† which means seize the day. He taught the kids to be free thinkers, and ways to read poetry deeper that just the words. The biggest thing that he introduced his students to was the Dead Poet’s Society, an organization that sucked the bone marrow out of life was started with Keating himself and ended when he graduated. The students were intrigued and started this secret society as soon as they could. The students soon realized the true meaning of poetry. They were able to be come better poets and interpreters of the tr ue meaning of poetry. The students start to realize that this is there life and their parents cannot make all there decisions. Once one of the students realize this he has a tragic accident. Mr. Keating is fired because the administration blamed him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neil Perry was a student at Welton. He was very fortunate to go there, his parents made some great sacrifices. In return for the sacrifices his parents had to make, his father felt it was necessary to make his decisions for him. Mr. Perry would not allow Neil to participate in any extra-curricular activities. Neil went behind his fathers back and auditioned for a play, and received the lead role. He needed a letter of approval from his father, so Neil wrote it himself. Once his father found out he flipper and said, â€Å"Neil I will not allow you to ruin this great opportunity to be an actor, what are you stupid.† Mr. Perry also told his son that he must drop out of the play the day before its premiere.

Frankenstein: Nature vs Nurture Essay

Twins are commonly used to study the effects of nature versus nurture. Ones immediate surroundings define who they become later on in life. The environment plays a huge role in the development of humanity through cultivating personality, character, beliefs, and many different aspects in a person’s life. Different environmental influences provide for a variety of people. In terms of the literary selection Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, the author’s view on Nature vs. Nurture is that the development of an individual revolves around nature. Firstly, the creature conceals wantonly emotions due to the flagrant mistreatment of society. Frankenstein exclaims â€Å"The love of another will destroy the cause of my crimes, and I shall become a thing of whose existence everyone will be ignorant† (Shelley 106). If someone is being shown love and kindness, they will be prone to reciprocate these emotions. As Frankenstein is persuading Victor to create him a female he commiserates with humanity exclaiming, â€Å"I shall feel the affections of a sensitive being and become linked to the chain of existence and events, from which I am now excluded† (Shelley 106). Long term advantages for learning behavior and for the development of physical and mental health are obtained through stabilizing secure, receptive, and nourishing relationships. The creature learns this is early on in life which is beneficial, so he can carry out illustrious and consistent acts which is the key sustaining the foundation of a prevailing lifestyle. At first, the creature is destitute in expressing himself, however as he matures, he is able to manifest dissimilar emotions. Frankenstein verbally analyzes himself through concluding, â€Å"I am malicious because I am miserable. Am I not shunned and hated by all mankind† (Shelley 104). Learning through the acts of society and constantly being around certain attitudes attaches to the creature’s senses and he adapts. By virtue of observing and grasping certain ideals of life.

Exploring The Concept And History Of Art Museums Art Essay

In today ‘s society graphics has about turned itself into a famous person icon, with art gross revenues estimated to be over 13 billion per twelvemonth and apart from the drugs trade it is the biggest unregulated market in the universe. Museum civilization has hence had to alter over the old ages. Art museums used to be topographic points were people came to see art, whether it be pictures or sculptures. There are legion museums all over the universe and most major metropoliss will hold a celebrated museum. These museums draw big Numberss of tourers and art partisans to come and see the present and past pieces of art. The architecture of an art museum or gallery, peculiarly a modern art museum is frequently considered to be a work of art every bit much as the contents in the museum. The Guggenheim art museum in Spain is an illustration of an art museum which is famed for its elaborated an unusual architecture. Most art museums specialise in exhibiting a specific type of art, fo r illustration the Tate Modern in London is an art museum that entirely exhibits modern-day plants of modern art. 2.0 History In the seventeenth century there were no such things as art auctions, rich Godheads or affluent business communities would monetary value each object and invite buyers to come and see the art. This was a slow procedure as it lacked the exhilaration or inducement of today ‘s auctions. Some of these screenings would last for yearss and in the instance of Duchess of Portland lasted 38 yearss. The bulk of these gross revenues were sold for little net incomes. In 1795 Calonne and Trumbull were the first to accomplish high monetary values for there aggregations and towards the center of the nineteenth century an wholly new strain of aggregators were born ; they were for the most portion work forces who had made big lucks in industry in England and other states. They were untrammelled by â€Å" roll uping † traditions, and their investing was about entirely extended to the creative persons of the twenty-four hours. The dispersions of these aggregations began in 1863 with the Bi cknell Gallery, and continued at irregular intervals for many old ages The following large measure in the art universe was in America in the 1970 ‘s. Robert Skull and His married woman Ethel had acquired a big aggregation of inexpensive art, normally paying 1000-2000 lbs each for a Rauschenberg or a Jasper Johns and they besides purchased James Rosenquist ‘s f1 11 for 45k. Fig 1: James Rosenquist ‘s F1 11 ( www.pierretristam.com ) Equally shortly as it was purchased Mr Skull lent it to the metropolitan manager of art in New York. This was a astute move immediately increasing its value of the picture. In the game between museums and aggregators, Mr Skull would shortly keep all the cards. On the 18th October 1973 the Skulls auctioned off 50 pieces from there aggregation. Mr Skull was a really sharp booster, the most written and talked about adult male in art at the clip. The auction was picked by angry creative person whose plants Skull had bought for non really much, including Robert Rauschenberg. The auction was a great success and broke many records in the art universe at that clip. After the Skull auction was over the art universe ‘s accent shifted from aesthetes to money ; everyone would desire a piece of the action. By the mid 1980s high monetary values made proprietors want to sell there aggregations, auction houses were flooded with expensive pieces. This attracted another new strain of purchaser to the biggest unregulated market in the universe, they viewed art strictly as an investing and monetary values went sky high. The cost of such monetary values was that art became admired non by any critical position but for its monetary value, auction houses were the new butcheries of gustatory sensation, directing some art to inflamed celebrity and this kept on traveling. These monetary values made it difficult to separate what was existent art and what was n't. It had a cultural map so that you could n't do your ain opinion. The rise in monetary values has affected museum civilization, when the metropolitan museum of art New York bought Aristotle contemplating idea of home run by Rembrandt, all of the rumors and all of the inquiries in the art universe so were inquiring ‘is it traveling to be in the national gallery in London or the national gallery Washington? ‘ . In today ‘s society when anything of import comes on the market they are sent to private galleries who bid the highest to expose these chef-d'oeuvres. Fig 2: Aristotle contemplating idea of home run There is no manner a museum can vie ( www.designlessbetter.com ) in today ‘s market. The art museums of the yesteryear have non given up though. With the aid of mass media, accents on spectacle and the cult of the famous person chef-d'oeuvre museums have managed to pull the public back in. What has been gained in these new Numberss in the gallery has besides been lost with what they used to stand for. Today the Tate is a now trade name name, the Louvre is a trade name name and so is the Guggenheim. With the spread of these big planetary trade names come the creative persons that feature in them. 3.0 Damien Hirst The current richest life creative person in today ‘s society is Damien Hirst. He owes most of his success to a big private aggregator called Charles Saatchi. During the 1990 ‘s Hirst was a outstanding member of the Young British Artists who dominated the art scene in Britain during this clip. After Hirst left college he organized assorted independent exhibitions to which he was introduced to a adult male called Charles Saatchi. Charles Saatchi was a really wealth man of affairs and ran a planetary advertisement bureau with his brother. Mr. Saatchi loved art and helped patronize promising creative persons from the Young British Artists. When Saatchi saw Hirst ‘s major installing ( A Hundred Years ) consisting of a big glass instance incorporating maggots and flies Fig 3: A Hundred Old ages feeding off a decomposition cows caput he was astonished and so ( www.artnet.com ) bought it. Over the following few old ages Hirst and Saatchi became close friends and in 1991, Ch arles Saatchi offered to fund whatever graphics Hirst wanted to do. The consequence was showcased in 1992 in the first Young British Artists exhibition at the Saatchi Gallery in North London which was besides owned by Mr. Saatchi.The Saatchi Gallery was a topographic point of modern-day art, and therefore the gallery ‘s shows, had distinguishable stages, get downing with US minimal art exhibitions, so showcased the adult male of the minute Damien Hirst along with the Young British Artists, Fig 4: The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, It was opened in 1985 by ( www.artchive.com ) Mr Saatchi in order to demo his ample aggregation to the populace. The gallery was a major influence on art in Britain during its clip. It has besides had a history of media contention, which it has courted, and has had extremes of critical reaction. Quite a batch of creative persons shown at the gallery are unknown non merely to the general populace but besides to the commercial art world.The rubric to Hirst ‘s work was The Physical I mpossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, It featured a 14ft shark enclosed in a glass instance and became a symbol British art in the 1990 ‘s therefore being Hirst ‘s first major accomplishment. With the aid of Charles Saatchi Hirst was able to go on bring forthing art cognizing at the dorsum of his head his work was to be centre phase at the Saatchi Gallery. Over the following 12 old ages Damien Hirst became a family name as he produced other big decease related plants of art such as. Fig 5: Away from the Flock Fig 6: Mother and Child Divided Fig 7: Hymn Fig 8: Oops brown painting In April 2003, the Saatchi Gallery opened at new premises in London, with a show that included a Hirst retrospective. This brought an ever-growing strain in his relationship with Saatchi to a caput. Hirst disassociated himself from the retrospective to the extent that he has ne'er put it on his CV. Hirst said Saatchi was â€Å" infantile † and â€Å" I ‘m non Charles Saatchi ‘s barrel-organ monkey†¦ He merely recognises art with his billfold†¦ he believes he can impact art values with purchasing power, and he still believes he can make it. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saatchi_Gallery ) Shortly after this the brace had one more show together in the White Cube Gallery, London so went there separate ways. Today Damien Hirst is the universe ‘s richest life creative person ; he still continues to bring forth graphics and has had exhibitions all over the universe. His latest creative activity is called ‘Love of God ‘ . It was exhibited in the White Cube gallery, London and was a human skull recreated in Pt and covered with over eight 1000s diamonds and is estimated to of cost Hirst 15 million Fig 10: Love of God ( www.artnet.com ) pounds to do. The asking monetary value for the piece was 50 million lbs ; although the piece did n't sell outright it was bought by a pool that included Hirst himself and his gallery the White Cube. In November 2008, Hirst exhibited the diamond skull at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, despite public contention. The skull was exhibited following to pictures from the aggregation of the museum that were selected and curated by Hirst. The museum manager, there was n't controversy nevertheless to demo the skull in the historic museum among the board members. Throughout Hirst art calling he physically doing all his early work, but from his rise celebrity and to day of the month he has ever used helpers. The sum of work he produces mean he needs a mill apparatus like Andy Warhol used to utilize in the 1970 ‘s when he founded ‘The Factory ‘ . It was an art studio, were he employed art workers to mass green goods prints and postings. This method of bring forthing art has led inquiries about Hirst ‘s genuineness, and in 1997 a picture that Hirst said was a â€Å" counterfeit † appeared at sale, although he had antecedently said that he frequently had nil to make with the creative activity of these pieces. â€Å" Hirst said that he had merely painted five topographic point pictures himself because, â€Å" I could n't be sleep togethering arsed making it † ; he described his efforts as â€Å" crap † – † They ‘re shit compared to†¦ the best individual who of all time painted musca volitanss for me was Rachel She ‘s superb. Absolutely sleep togethering brilliant. The best topographic point painting you can hold by me is one painted by Rachel. † There is another narrative of a picture helper who was go forthing and asked for one of his pictures. Hirst told her to, â€Å" ‘make one of your ain. ‘ And she said, ‘No, I want one of yours. ‘ But the lone difference, between one painted by her and one of mine, is the money. â€Å" ( Hirst, Damien and Burn, Gordon ( 2001 ) . On the Way to Work. Faber ) With art at head of concern and civilization in today ‘s society Museums have been forced to demo a new face lift image to pull the public back into its doors, while little galleries and auction houses have become the new genteelness evidences for up and coming creative person of tomorrow. The Architecture of these edifices themselves has besides had to alter. The White Cube Gallery in St.James ‘s London, the Guggenheim in New York which was renowned as one of the architectural icons of the twentieth century are both really good illustrations of alteration. 4.0 The White Cube The White Cube branded gallery, known most normally in the universe for its modern-day commercial art, is place to creative persons like Damien Hirst, Tracey Emin and many other internationally celebrated creative persons including members from the Young British Artists which is how it achieved its repute by giving one individual shows. Its most recent gallery opened in 2006 in St.James ‘s Street and was designed by MRJ Rundell & A ; Associates. It was the first free standing edifice in the country and he provides 5000 ftA? exhibition infinite. The gallery is a crisp-edged box and stands out from the edifices around it, Harmonizing to the Architects the edifice was designed to esteem the cardinal qualities of discretion and modesty of the St James ‘s country. Fig 11: White Cube Gallery ( www.cosmur.co.uk ) 5.0 The Guggenheim The Guggenheim of New York was the first art museum edifice to be designed to retroflex a piece of art. Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in the late 1950 ‘s it was a disclosure to the architecture universe. It is a edifice that has become every bit celebrated as the art aggregation it displays. The Guggenheim dances gracefully between Fig 12: Guggenheim New York ( www.gallery.egyptsons.com ) architecture and sculpture. Since the gap of the Guggenheim New York the Guggenheim trade name has opened another three galleries in Venice, Berlin and Bilbao. The gallery in Bilbao was opened in 1997 and was designed by Frank Gehry. It is a dramatic construction with its swirling signifiers and its frontage of Ti, glass, and limestone.The curves on the edifice were designed to look random. Using computing machine plans to assist plan the edifice ‘s construction it made it executable to construct forms that architects off earlier old ages would hold found impossible to build. Fig 13: Guggenheim Bilbao ( www.artknowledgenews.com ) With modern museums and galleries going more similar pieces of art, the following coevals of art galleries in my sentiment will be like fantasy islands pulling people non for the art but for the experience. The Guggenheim is constructing a new Gallery in Abu Dhabi which will be the largest Guggenheim in the universe with a floor infinite of 450,000 ftA? . The Guggenheim Abu Dhabi joins other taking international civilization establishments including the universe celebrated museum trade name the Louvre, in the unprecedented creative activity of a vivacious civilization finish for visitants from around the universe. 6.0 Decision The art universe attractively copies our money driven, famous person obsessed amusement civilization, same arrested development on celebrity, same obeisance to mass media that grabs our attending with its noise and waver. Art should do us experience more clearly, more intelligently, it should give us consistent esthesiss that which otherwise we would non hold had, that is what market civilization is killing. In the 1960 ‘s art was a manner of doing money, started as a drip and turned into a stampede. If art does n't state us about the universe we live in so I do n't believe there is much point in holding it.

The Accounting Standards Board †Essay

The Accounting Standards Board – Essay Free Online Research Papers International accounting is heading to one global accounting standard; IASB and FASB are coordinating together to produce accounting standards. There are positively lots of advantages by introducing one global accounting standard. The method of introducing one global accounting standard is complicated, as it engages many governments, investors, and companies, but it also involves the countries’ social development and culture, which can offer enormous change. This paper will describe the IASB and the FASB relationship including a brief history of both boards and the IASB equivalents of the FASB original pronouncements. This paper will also discuss the student MSA program preparation for a professional life within the accounting profession. The IASB and the FASB relationship The FASB is the accounting standards board of the United States whereas the IASB is the International accounting standards board. The FASBs major purpose is to develop the GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles). The IASBs major purpose is to develop the international financial reporting standards. There are numerous differences between the standards and accounting principles of both boards. They are working together to develop global accounting standards. IASB and FASB have agreed to work together to achieve convergence in global accounting standards and financial reporting. The FASB, which pursues a rule-based approach, differs from the IASBs principle based approach in terms of processes, techniques, and organizations. Convergence between IFRSs and US GAAP The IASBs IFRS pronounces principle-based standard that do not provide adequate attention to specific application guidance. On the other hand, the FASB’s GAAP focuses on rule based standards that accompany or pay attention to a specific guidance. Both IASBs IFRS and FASBs GAAP address requirements pertaining to financial statements determined to be important to a wide range of economic decision makers. Both sets of standards put emphasis on balance sheets, income statements, cash flow statements, and statement of changes in equity as key reports that are significant to construct sufficient evaluation for making important decisions. Both sets of standards address notes to the financial statements, supplementary schedules as well as the underlying assumptions, and qualitative characteristics of the financial statements. The IASB and FASB agreed to the improvement of high quality and compatible accounting standards that may well be implemented for both cross-border and domestic financial reporting. The goal is to apply existing and continuous financial reporting standards totally compatible. After several meeting in 2005 both boards reaffirmed their obligation to the convergence project (iasb, 2005). Several efforts have been made toward the convergence project since these commitments. Achieving the objectives established by the boards and research for this project will depend heavily on the assistance from auditors, investors, standard-setters, companies, and regulators. The project includes key initiatives that would advance the goals of the two financial accounting boards. The convergence project board members are determined to first identify the differences between the United States General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The board will address whether a resolution can increase the convergence standards. Each current topic must collaborate with the resources and standard setters of the FASB. A key component of the project involves the reporting of the financial performance and identification of the accounting for the stock-based compensation. (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, 2005) The global economy has matured toward cross-border investing and capital flows. The current financial reporting crisis in the United States urges the need to develop better accounting standards that should be developed to be acceptable internationally. Companies seeking capital or investment opportunities across national boundaries face cost and time issues. These firms must reconcile their financial statements to the accounting rules of the nation. The two boards have developed standards that will improve the efficiency of global capital markets by lowering cost of capital, improving comparability, and enhancing corporate governance. (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, 2005) The objective of the established goals provides a time frame for the convergence efforts in the context of removing the need of the agreement between the boards. The goals of the Board’s active agenda were to be completed by 2008 included: Business Combination Consolidation Fair Value Measurements Guidance Liabilities and Equity Distinctions Performance Reporting Post-Retirement Benefits Revenue Recognition Some other topics to be researched but have not been added to the agenda included Financial Instrument (replacing of existing standards) Intangible Assets Leases Equivalents of IASB and FASB Original Pronouncements Several differences can be compared between the FASB original pronouncements and the IASB pronouncement. Difference exists because of time, standards, program goals, alternatives, or related guidance that may be required by IASB but not required by the FASB. The purpose of understanding the difference or equivalence will relate to the understanding of the challenges that the boards will encounter in the convergence project. A similar set of high quality global standard is the long-term strategy for both the FASB and the IASB. Below are the revised pronouncements used by the FASB (fasb, 2008). 1. Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts – releases designed to establish the fundamentals on which financial accounting standards are based. 2. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards – releases indicating required accounting methods and procedures for specific accounting issues. 3. Interpretations – Modification or extensions of issues related to FASB. 4. Technical Bulletins – guidance on accounting and reporting problems issued by the staff of the FASB. (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, 2005). Professional Life after the MSA Program A master of accountancy (MSA) degree enhances the knowledge of a person whom may have an undergraduate degree in business or another program. The MSA program can be used to enhance knowledge in accounting allowing the student to learn with practical business issues in a simulated environment. The program allows deep interactions with other individuals in learning the appropriate solutions to problems and issues in the world of accounting and finance. The MSA program is focused on providing students with the recent and historical perspectives on the various aspects of accounting. In addition, the program meets the expectations of the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) proposed education model. Although each state has different rules to meet the requirements for the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) exam the program is designed to meet most of the requirements for the exam. The MSA program is designed to prepare students for the CPA exam and various professional careers in accounting. Conclusion This paper has briefly discussed the IASB and FASB, their relationship, history, current projects, and the equivalents of original pronouncements. These two groups are dedicated to the convergence of accounting standards that can be achieved through the development of high quality and common standards. Through the consistency of the established guideline assistance from the SEC and the European Commission, the FASB and IASB are working toward achieving common goals. References Schroeder, R.G., Clark, MW. Cathey, J.M. (2005). Financial accounting theory and analysis: Text readings and cases (8thed). Retrieved March 29, 2010, from University of Phoenix https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary/content/eRearch.h. Financial Accounting Standards Board. (2008). the financial accounting standards codification. Retrieved March 29, 2010, from fasb.org/st/ International Accounting Standards Board. (2008) Joint IASB/ FASB project. Retrieved March 29, 2010, from iasb.org/About+Us/International+Accounting+Standards+Board+-+About+Us.htm Research Papers on The Accounting Standards Board - EssayThe Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfTwilight of the UAW

A Practical Five-Step Strategy to Get More Social Media Followers as a Writer

A Practical Five-Step Strategy to Get More Social Media Followers as a Writer Right at this moment, there are millions of pseudo-influencers online trying to hot-take their way to fame. If youre one of them, you can move on to the next article. This one isnt for you. This is for the people with a genuine message burning inside. The people who have something important to say but cant seem to get any traction. The people who, no matter how hard they try, arent getting new followers. The people who are starting to get discouraged. Do This For A Month And See What Happens. Focus on one social media channel for one full month. The most important fact to understand about social media is that it is one (and only one) aspect of your strategy to gain readers. In general, you want people there for as short a time as possible. Your ultimate goal is to move people from social media (a channel you cant control) to an email list (a channel you can control). When you have peoples email addresses (as in an email list), you have an almost-guaranteed way to get a hold of them. When you send an email to your email list, theres no complex algorithm to understand. Just write a good email, send it to people, and, if it interests them, theyll pay attention. Your social media channel, on the other hand, is not something you can control. Since you only have peoples social media handles, your ability to contact them is tenuous. Its based on a platform and an algorithm you have no control over. But most of all social media eats up a significant amount of the most valuable resource you have as an entrepreneur: Your time. The Practical 5-Step Strategy Make a list of all the social media channels youre on and the number of followers. Browse through each social media channel to determine where you have the most activity, but most of all, the most engagement. Choose a channel to focus on for the month. Research (and use!) the best practices for your chosen channel. Were all so busy we throw the same graphic on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram, Snapchat, whatever, and call it a day. Not cool and not productive. No more! Find out the ideal image dimension sizes for your chosen channel. Make your graphics for that channel. Figure out the content people respond to most. Emulate its style and use it for your own content. Consider video. Your goal is to become an expert on the best practices of your chosen channel. Use your extra time to dig into another lead generation method. Here are a few to consider. SEO (Excellent post from our expert) Guest Blogging YouTube Paid Media Quora Podcasting There are dozens more of these Pick a strategy outside of social media. Test it. See what results you get, then try another if its not working. Youll be shocked how you can change your results when you focus on being an expert on one channel instead of seven. If youre not sure which to pick, we can vouch for the fact that theres huge potential in organic SEO if youre patient. (We grew a New York Times bestselling authors monthly blog traffic If It Doesnt Work After a Month, Do This Try another one. Keep testing until you find a channel that works. Keep trying to crack the code for the channel youre focusing on for that month. And, as you dive in, remember: Everyone started at 0 followers. What If Nothing Works If you cant get traction after trying every single social media channel out there, people arent resonating with what you have to say. Its time to re-evaluate your message. Survey your people. Ask what they want to hear from you, then provide it. Youre not the first person to run into this issue. In fact, youre not the first person to run into this issue today. Dont be discouraged. Dont give up. Instead, focus on systematically testing the different platforms to see what performs best for you. Theres no silver bullet here. It will take a lot of effort and elbow grease, but the end result will be worth it. And remember, youre not alone. Invest in your personal growth, and if you ever need someone to talk to about your next steps, consider dropping us a line.

Health Program Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Program Evaluation - Essay Example As the officials in charge of social programs happen to be humans and thus fallible, either deliberately or inadvertently, a strong requirement for accountability keeps them alert and keeps such programs, efficient and productive. As the state run health and social programs happen to be complex and intricate, so far as their scope, implementation, assessment and budgeting is concerned, an accurate and scientific system for the evaluation of such programs enables the state and the citizens in determining and enforcing accountability on the officials and professionals managing such vital programs, that are often so crucial, so far as the stability and progress in a welfare state is concerned. "Program evaluations are systematic studies using scientific research methods to assess how well a program is working (Shipman, 2008, p.1). In the contemporary era of constrained budgets, when health has become a major political and public issue, it is imperative that the agencies managing the health and social programs are able to authenticate the expenses incurred by them in the light of the pragmatic and desirable outcome achieved by them. In that sense, evaluation facilitates the people and the state agencies with the much desired tool, which can be used to gauge as to what extent these programs contribute to the envisaged goals and helps them cross check and improve the performance of such programs on a regular basis. Establishing accountability, so far as health and social programs are concerned becomes a mere exercise in words, unless it is backed by authentic and verifiable data. Accountability can be enforced only if it is supported by concrete evidence that brings it within the framework of legal and statutory remedies. Herein lies the relevance of evaluation. Many experts like to put forward the argument that government agencies have miserably failed, so far as the management of health programs is concerned and the privatization of these services is the only possible panacea. Such individuals fail to see that entrusting such crucial programs in private hands can possibly further augment the scope for inefficiency, as the private firms work purely for profit motives and lack any welfare oriented guidelines. Infact, it simply does not matter who stands at the helm of affairs, whether it is some state official or a private firm. The point that deserves the tax payer's immediate attention is th at what kind and quality of evaluation programs are being employed to analyze such programs It is pivotal that the evaluation programs being used to assess the health or social programs should be accurate enough to solicit a wide range

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Book Review - Essay Example Eventually, America has made to become a society which permits ordinary people to lead the government and give every citizen their right to vote. The transition of America into a democratic country had also been easy considering that the patriot leaders leave no interest for the powers that the position gives them. Wood (1992) emphasizes that "the Revolution was the most radical and far reaching event in American history" (p. 8). It means that the revolution significantly affected the American society and politically changed the rules from British to American ideals. Accepting the radical nature of the American Revolution is important within the context of the socio- political society especially during the eighteenth century. Also, it is important to highlight the appreciation for the political and social aspects of the colonial society that is impossible to disentangle. The leaders then are not just revolting against the political system of the British government but also its colonial society in America. Wood thinks that the republicanism society had affected British thoughts in a wide sense. Accordingly, republicanism is not accepted to any political life of an English society. However, monarchical and republican values are present in their culture and there are many considerable monarchists that accepted the ideals of republicanism regardless of the long-run consequences they might face. They do not always use the term though, but republicanism is regarded as a set of values and a kind of life where it is more understandable and liberal. Yet, the mid-18th century is the era when the social change took place, the past remains obstinate. American colonists are the English; they share the statement that order and stability in society came from the monarchical type of society. The king is subject to as dependent being and less autonomous. But, the American people see

Describe experimental approaches to distinguish between competitive Essay

Describe experimental approaches to distinguish between competitive inhibitors and non competitive inhibitors and discuss the i - Essay Example These drugs potentially target those enzymes that are responsible for proliferation of cancer cells (Nelson, 2008). Enzyme inhibitors diminish the enzyme's capability to combine with the substrate. They reduce the enzyme's catalytic actions. There are two kinds of inhibitors: 1. Reversible inhibitors: They are the agents or molecules that separate from the enzyme. They are competitive, that compete with the substrate to gain access to the active site of the enzyme, it lowers the KM and reduces the reaction velocity (Nelson, 2008). Mixed inhibitor reduces apparent substrate binding ability of the enzyme. Thus it alters the chemical nature of active site. They are capable of binding with ES complex and thus reduce the substrate binding ability of enzyme. Mixed inhibitors can either reduce or enhance the KM or diminish Vmax (Nelson, 2008). Non-competitive inhibitor is not influenced by E or ES. It binds with both with same affinity. Non-competitive inhibitors decrease the Vmax while kee p the KM unchanged. 2. Irreversible inhibitors: They are the molecules or agents that do not get detached from the enzyme or from the active site of enzymes, thereby they does not allow the substrate to combine with the enzyme. Thus they bind to the enzyme tightly or permanently, inactivating the enzyme. E.g. Male baldness drug Propecia.

Effects that plants growing in overcrowded conditions

Effects that plants growing in overcrowded conditions This report is examining the effects that plants growing in overcrowded conditions go through and what affects overcrowding has on seedlings making comparisons to plants which have been grown in normal/ideal special conditions. It also includes literature research into the different methods which are used for the growth of plants in both commercial settings and private setting and which method suits this investigation s purposes best. It gives results in both observational and quantitative ways and explains/gives definitions for words that may not have been understood. Introduction: This is an investigation to discover what happens to a plant population of germinating seeds that are grown in overcrowded conditions compared to the germination of seeds that are grown in an area where they are sufficient nutrients, space and light. Literature research: Terms: Germination the beginning of growth for a seed , the beginnings of a new plant 1 Loam soil soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even concentration. Loam soils generally contain more nutrients and humus than sandy soils, have better infiltration and drainage than silty soils, and are easier to till than clay soils. Loams are gritty, moist, and retain water easily. 2 Horticulture the industry and science of plant cultivation including the process of preparing soil for the planting of seeds, tubers, or cuttings. 3 Overcrowding when the number of organisms exceed the carrying capacity of an area (in this investigation it will be the soil) 4 Vermiculite any of a group micaceous hydrated silicate minerals related to the chlorites and used in heat-expanded form as insulation and as a planting medium. 5 Hydroponics the cultivation of plants in a nutrient-rich solution, rather than in soil, and under controlled conditions of light, temperature, and humidity. Also called aquaculture. 6 Ideal germination conditions for 3 plant species: 1. Radish (Raphanus sativus) sandy loam soil that has been tilled is ideal for germination and growth, seeds need to be planted at the write depth for the seed to germinate properly, 1cm for small radishes and 4cm for large radishes. Will germinate between 3 and 7 days and is ready for harvesting in about 4 weeks. 2. Pea (Pisum sativum) soak the seed in water for about 4 hours before planting it, plant the seeds in rows. The seeds should be planted about 2cm deep between 6 -8 cm apart. Water them daily as they require lots and use organic mulch. 3. California poppy (Eschscholzia californica) sow in soil that is in full sun, these poppies like soil that is of a poor soil condition. Sow directly onto the soil and then dig the seeds in and add water and germination will begin within a few days. Germination methods used by horticulturalists Method Pro s Con s Growth in cotton wool Can observe the germination process easily The roots become entangled in the cotton wool and it may become difficult to remove the seed from the cotton wool Growth in vermiculite Adds nutrients to the plants environment Holds water very well so that plants don t experience a shortage Research shows no disadvantages Hydroponics No soil is needed Nutrient levels in the water are control for each type of plant Stable and large yields of plants No major pest problems Plants may become infected with Verticillium wilt due to the high moisture levels Water and nutrient costs may be expensive Evidence and measurement of growth in plants: Measuring the space between the internodes of along the stem of the plant Measuring the size of the leaves, by measuring the length of the leaves along its mid vein to the node where it connects to the stem Counting the number of leaves on the plant Checking the weight of the plant (will not be used in this investigation as it requires a large number of plants and will result in plants being removed from the soil so that they can be weighted, this will most likely result in the death of the plant.). Possible effects of overcrowding: Radish size of the root (part which is harvested) will be greatly reduced, size of the leaves will be small and few leaves will be present, very tall stems. Pea reduced size and number of leaves, flowering rate will be reduced, pods will be greatly reduced in size California poppy lives very well in malnourished soil and in overcrowded conditions How may overcrowding be overcome by the plant? Will grow tall thin stems and try to grow higher than other plants, roots system will be very small. Stems as a result of being tall and thin are unable to support the weight of the leaves and the plant collapses. Horticulturalists solve the problem of overcrowding by providing the plants with sufficient resources that they require for grow. They also remove the plants from the greenhouses before them become too big. If overcrowding does occur they separate the plants and give them sufficient space, they will also dispose of any weak plants that will not grow properly. Investigation: Hypothesis: The overcrowded plants will develop weak stems and their growth rates will be hampered due to lack of nutrients. Aim: To investigate the effects of overcrowding on germinating seeds and the effects of overcrowding on the growth of seedlings. Variables: Independent variable the number of radish seeds planted in each seedling tray. Dependent variable the growth of the plants in terms of their stem length and size of their leaves. Fixed variables the size of the seedlings trays must be the same size, the amount of soil placed in the seedling trays is filled to the same point, the amount of water given to each seedling tray must be equal in this case 500ml every 2nd day. Apparatus: Two seedling trays Potting soil Radish seeds Ruler/measuring tape Water Camera Method: Fill two equally sized seedling trays with sand to the same point. Moisten the soil and prepare it for planting the seeds. Using Radish seeds, plant 9 seeds in the 1st tray using the conditions indicated on the back of the seeds packaging then in the 2nd tray plant at least 45 seeds in close proximity to each other. Once seeds have been planted place the trays in a hot house Once germination has taken place and the plants have begun growing out of the soil measure the length of the stem and the length of the mid-vein in the leaves every 4 days. Measure the growth of the plants over a period of 40 days Results: Observations: Seeds were plant the 26th January 2011 After 2 days the soil began to lift in the overcrowded tray On the 3rd day the seedling were beginning to emerge from the soil in the overcrowded tray On the 5th day the seedling in the ideal conditions tray began to emerge from the soil The overcrowded seedlings grew at a very fast rate in comparison to the ideal conditions seedling The growth rate of the overcrowded population plants slowed down where as the ideal conditions population plants grew at a steady rate On the night of the 15th of February 2011 the majority of the ideal conditions plant population s and some the overcrowded plants population s where eaten, possibly by slugs Seedling trays were removed from the hot house so that they remain plants would survive and so the damaged ones could recover Damaged plant s stems began to shrink as the secondary leaves were getting ready to grow, once the secondary leaves had begun to grow larger and the plants were receiving food from being able to photosynthesis again, the stems began growing taller again In the overcrowded tray the smaller plants stopped growing and the larger plants began to go limp as their stems became too long and too thin to support the weight of the leaves Some of the overcrowded plants began to experience their leaves going yellow and the plants starting to die off due to lack of resources See appendix figure 4 for picture of leaves yellowing Quantitative results: For tables of results see appendix Figure 1 Figure 2 Discussion: The length of the leaves in the ideal conditions plant population on the 16th day was so low compared to the leaves length on the 12th day due to the leaves having been eaten two days earlier by suspected to be slugs. The greater growth rate experienced in the overcrowded plant population in the first few days was most likely caused by chemical released by the seeds to encourage growth and as they are in such close proximity and there are so many it may cause them to have an overload of the chemical resulting the extremely fast initial growth rate. Conclusion: The overcrowded plants grew at faster rate than that of the ideal conditions plants yet the overcrowded plants became weak very quickly and as a result weaker plants remained small or died and taller plants grew flimsy. The ideal plants grew to be stronger and healthier plants despite that they were partially eaten.